Effect of SPARK Program on Visual-Motor Skills of Children With Profound Hearing Loss and a Cochlear Implant

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Trainer

2 Kharazmi university of tehran

Abstract

Background&Purpose:The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a selected motor program on visual-motor skills of children (3 to 6 years) with profound hearing loss and a cochlear implant.
Methodology: Participants were selected purposefully from a rehabilitation center in Tehran and divided into two groups experiment (n=10) and control (n=12) according to their scores on Gardner’s Test of Visual-Motor Skills. Visual-motor skill pretest was taken from two control and experimental groups by the test of visual motor skills revised (TVMSR). The experiment group subjects contributed in the SPARK program for 8 weeks, three sessions per week with 45 minutes in each session.
Results: A posttest was taken of both groups after completion the course of intervention program. Analyze of Covariance test were conducted for data analysis (α = 0.05). Results showed that there was no significant difference between groups for TVMSR score before the intervention program but, it was significant after program course. However, effect of the program on visual spatial skill (P=0.002), visual analysis skills (P=0.010) and visual motor integration (P=0.002) was significant.
Conclusion:In conclusion, appropriate training opportunities may lead to improvement on visual-motor skills in children with profound hearing loss and a cochlear implant.

Keywords

References

  1.  

    1. Duckrell, J., & McShane, J. (1992). Children's learning difficulties: a cognitive approach. Oxford: Blackwell.
    2. Salman, Z. (2000). The Effects of perceptual-motor training on motor capabilities in children with developmental coordination disorder. Unpublished dissertation. University of Tehran.
    3. Wallace, G., & Mcloughlin, J. A. (1979). Learning disabilities: concepts and characteristics (2nd). Columbus, Ohio.
    4. Afrooz, G. (2010). Introduction to Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children (27th). University of Tehran.
    5. Erden Z, Otman S, Tunay (2004). Is visual perception of hearing-impaired children different from healthy children? Int J Pediat Otorhinolaryngol. 68:281–285.
    6. Beery, K. E. (2004). The Beery-Buktenica developmental test of visual-motor integration (5th).
    7. Rouhani, R. M. (1998). Describe and comparison of the eye-hand coordination in 7-9 years student girls and compare it with available norms. Unpublished master thesis. Faculty of physical education and sport sciences. Kharazmi University.
    8. Myklebust, H. R. (1953). Toward a new understanding of the deaf child. Am Ann Deaf. 98:345-357.
    9. Firouzbakht, M., Ardebili, H. E., Majlesi, F., Rahimi, A., Ansari Dezfooli, M., & Esmailzadeh, M. (2013). Prevalence of neonatal hearing impairment in province capitals. Journal of school public health and institute of public health research. 5(4): 1-9.
    10. Horn, D. L., Fagan, M. K., Dillon, C. M., Pisoni, D. B., Richard, T., & Miyamoto, R. T. (2007). Visual- Motor Integration Skills of Prelingually Deaf Children. Implications for Pediatric Cochlear Implantation. Laryngoscope. 117: 2017–2025.
    11. Farhbod, M., & Minaie, A. (2003). Adaptation and standardization of test of visual-motor skills (revised version). Exceptional Children Research Institute.
    12. Hasanzade, S. (2009). Psychology and education of deaf children. SAMT publication.
    13. Parasnis, I. (1983). Visual Perceptual Skills and Deafness. A research review. Journal Acad Rehabil Audiol. 16:148-160.
    14. Ozcebe, E., Belgin, E., Topçu, M., Oktem, F., Eldem, B., & Ozusta, S. (2008). Visual Evoked Potentials &Visual Motor Perception in Hearing Loss. Asha convention, Chicago.
    15. Myklebust, H. R. (1964). The Psychology of Deafness. (2nd ed). New York, NY: Grune & Stratton Inc.
    16. Gets, M. S., & Vernon, M. C. (1993). Visual Motor Perception in Deaf Students. Am Journal Deafness Rehab. Assoc. 264: pp.37-42.
    17. Savelsberg, G. J. P., Netelenbos, J. B., & Whiting, H. T. A. (1991). Auditory Perception and the Control of Spatially Coordinated action of Deaf and Hearing Children. Journal Child Psychol Psychiatry. 323: pp.489-500.
    18. Wiegersma, P. H, & Van der Velde, A. (1983). Motor Development of Deaf Children. Journal Child Psychol Psychiatry. 24:103–111.
    19. Lawrence, C. (2008). The Guidance in Guidelines for the Assessment and Educational Evaluation of Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Children in Indiana. Based on 511 IAC Article 7.
    20. Shojaee, R., Hassanzade, S., & Farhbod, M. (2013). Comparative study of visual motor skills in primary school students with normal hearing and depth hearing loss. Unpublished Master thesis. Faculty of psychology and education. University of Tehran.
    21. McKenzie, T. L. Rosengard, P. F. and et al (2000). "The SPARK Programs". San

           Diago State University Foundation.

    1. Sepehri bonab, H. (2003). Comparative fine & groos motor skills children normal                   

           and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Unpublished Master thesis. Faculty

          of physical education and Sport Science. University of Tehran.         

    1. Magil, R.A. (2012). Motor learning: concepts and applications. Mousavi, M., &

          Shojaei, M. Hanane Publication.

    1. Flapper, B. C. T., Houwen, S. & Schoemaker, M. M. (2006). Fine motor skills and

          effects of methylphenidate in children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder  

          and developmental coordination disorder. Developmental Medicine and Child

          Neurology, 48, 165–169.

    1. 25. Whitmont, S. & Clark, C. (1996). Kinaesthetic acuity and fine motor skills in

         children with attention-deficit–hyperactivity disorder: a preliminary report. Dev Med

         Child Neurol 38: 1091–1098.

    1. 26. Hodge, S R, Murata, N. M. & Porretta, D. L. (1999). Enhancing motor performance

          through various preparatory activities involving children with learning disabilities.    

          Clinical Kinesiology, 53(4), 76–82.

    1. Wade, M. G. (1976). Effects of methylphenidate on motor skill acquisition of

          hyperactive children. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 9, 443–447.

Journal of Sport Management and Motor Behavior
Volume 15, Issue 29 - Serial Number 1
October 2019
Pages 213-224

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics