The Effect of Fatigue on Decision- Making and the Visual Search Behavior of Novice and Expert Soccer Players in 5 vs. 5 Attack situation.

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Faculty of Islamic Azad University, Firoozkooh Branch

2 Professor at University of Imam Hossein, Tehran, Iran.

3 Associate Professor at Islamic Azad University - North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.

10.22080/jsmb.2021.15887.3081

Abstract

Background & Purpose: The mechanisms involved in expert performance have attracted many researchers, one of which is visual skills. Many researchers have tried to compare different skills among expert and novice athletes to provide different solutions to enhance their performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of football fatigue on decision-making and visual search behavior of novice and expert players.
Methodology: The participants included 14 novice male soccer players with the mean age of 22.5 along with 14 expert male soccer players with the mean age of 27.4. Both groups watched some films about the five vs. five attack situation and were then asked to state their decision, which included four options for passing the ball in states of with and without fatigue. The visual search behaviour of the parfticipants was assessed using an eye tracker.
 
Results: For data analysis, ANOVA and Bonferron's post hoc test were used. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the decision making of skilled and beginner players before and after fatigue (P <0.05). The results of number of fixations showed that the main effect of skill level, test stages, and the interactive effect of skill level in test stages and skill level at fixation points was not significant at the test stages (P> 0.05), but the effect of place of fixation and the interactive effect of skill level at the fixation points was significant (P <0.05). The results of the fixation period showed that the main effect of the level of skill was not significant (P> 0.05), but the main effect of the test stages and the interactive effect of skill level at the fixation points was significant (P <0.05).
 
Conclusion: It is suggested that players be taught how to cope with fatigue in order to improve their decision-making.
 

Keywords

References

  1. References

    1. Williams AM, Janelle CM, Davids K. Constraints on the search for visual information in sport. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 2004;2(3):301-18.
    2. Savelsbergh GJ, Williams AM, Kamp JVD, Ward P. Visual search, anticipation and expertise in soccer goalkeepers. Journal of sports sciences. 2002;20(3):279-87.
    3. Savelsbergh GJ, Van der Kamp J, Williams AM, Ward P. Anticipation and visual search behaviour in expert soccer goalkeepers. Ergonomics. 2005;48(11-14):1686-97.
    4. Abernethy B, Russell DG. Expert-novice differences in an applied selective attention task. Journal of Sport Psychology. 1987;9(4):326-45.
    5. Vaeyens R, Lenoir M, Williams AM, Mazyn L, et al. The effects of task constraints on visual search behavior and decision-making skill in youth soccer players. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 2007;29(2):147-69.
    6. Williams AM, Hodges NJ, North JS, Barton G. Perceiving patterns of play in dynamic sport tasks: Investigating the essential information underlying skilled performance. Perception. 2006;35(3):317-32.
    7. Morgan S, Patterson J. Differences in oculomotor behaviour between elite athletes from visually and non visually oriented sports. International Journal of Sport Psychology. 2009;40(4):489.
    8. Hopwood m. The influence of viewing perspective on decision-making and visual search behaviour in an invasive sport. Int J Sport Psychol. 2009;40:546564.
    9. Rodrigues ST, Vickers JN, Williams AM. Head, eye and arm coordination in table tennis. Journal of sports sciences. 2002;20(3):187-200.
    10. Piras A, Lobietti R, Squatrito S. Response time, visual search strategy, and anticipatory skills in volleyball players. Journal of ophthalmology. 2014;2014.
    11. Krzepota J, Zwierko T, Puchalska-Niedbał L, Markiewicz M, et al. The efficiency of a visual skills training program on visual search performance. Journal of human kinetics. 2015;46(1):231-40.
    12. Ripoll H, Kerlirzin Y, Stein J-F, Reine B. Analysis of information processing, decision making, and visual strategies in complex problem solving sport situations. Human Movement Science. 1995;14(3):325-49.
    13. Lee S-M. Does Your Eye Keep on the Ball?: The Strategy of Eye Movement for Volleyball Defensive Players During Spike Serve Reception. International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences. 2010;22(1).
    14. Goulet C, Bard C, Fleury M. Expertise differences in preparing to return a tennis serve: A visual information processing approach. Journal of sport and Exercise Psychology. 1989;11(4):382-98.
    15. Rafiee S, Vaez Mousavi SMK, Ghasemi A, Jafarzadehpour E. Visual Search and Decision making accuracy of expert and novice Basketball referee(In Persian). Motor behavior. 2016;7(21):65-76.
    16. Abdoli B, Namazizadeh  M, Moeini Rad  S. Comparison of anticipation skills and visual search behaviors of skilled and novice basketball players in different positions attack 1 on 1, 3 on 3(In Persian) Motor behavior. 2016;7(19):15-32.
    17. Ericsson KA, Kintsch W. Long-term working memory. Psychological review. 1995;102(2):211.
    18. Davids K, Williams JG, Williams AM. Visual perception and action in sport: Routledge; 2005.
    19. Ando S, Kokubu M, Yamada Y, Kimura M. Does cerebral oxygenation affect cognitive function during exercise? European journal of applied physiology. 2011;111(9):1973-82.
    20. Bangsbo J. The physiology of soccer--with special reference to intense intermittent exercise. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica Supplementum. 1994;619:1-155.
    21. Del Percio C, Babiloni C, Infarinato F, Marzano N, et al. Effects of tiredness on visuo-spatial attention processes in elite karate athletes and non-athletes. Archives italiennes de biologie. 2009;147(1/2):1-10.
    22. Lanthier S, Risko E, Smilek D, Kingstone A, editors. Measuring the separate effects of practice and fatigue on eye movements during visual search. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society; 2013.
    23. Greig M. The influence of soccer-specific fatigue on peak isokinetic torque production of the knee flexors and extensors. The American journal of sports medicine. 2008;36(7):1403-9.
    24. Smith MR, Zeuwts L, Lenoir M, Hens N, et al. Mental fatigue impairs soccer-specific decision-making skill. Journal of sports sciences. 2016;34(14):1297-304.
    25. Schweizer G, Plessner H, Kahlert D, Brand R. A video-based training method for improving soccer referees’ intuitive decision-making skills. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. 2011;23(4):429-42.
    26. Ghasemi A. comparison of visual skills and decision making of expert judges, novice and non-athlete, and the relationship between these skills in expert judges. Second International Congress of Science and Societies; November 16 and 15; National Iranian Football Academy2013.
    27. Hancock DJ, Ste-Marie DM. Gaze behaviors and decision making accuracy of higher-and lower-level ice hockey referees. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 2013;14(1):66-71.
    28. Catteeuw P, Helsen W, Gilis B, Van Roie E, et al. Visual scan patterns and decision-making skills of expert assistant referees in offside situations. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 2009;31(6):786-97.
    29. Padilha M, Bagatin R, Milheiro A, Tavares F, et al. Visual search behavior and defensive tactical performance during small-sided conditioned soccer games. Revista Portuguesa de Ciências do Desporto. 2017.
    30. Williams A, Davids K. Assessing cue usage in performance contexts: A comparison between eye-movement and concurrent verbal report methods. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers. 1997;29(3):364-75.
    31. Krzepota J, Stępiński M, Zwierko T. Gaze control in one versus one defensive situations in soccer players with various levels of expertise. Perceptual and motor skills. 2016;123(3):769-83.
    32. Williams AM, Davids K, Burwitz L, Williams JG. Visual search strategies in experienced and inexperienced soccer players. Research quarterly for exercise and sport. 1994;65(2):127-35.
    33. Piras A, Lobietti R, Squatrito S. A study of saccadic eye movement dynamics in volleyball: comparison between athletes and non-athletes. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 2010;50(1):99.
    34. Norman DA. Toward a theory of memory and attention. Psychological review. 1968;75(6):522.
    35. Norman DA, Wickelgren WA. Strength theory of decision rules and latency in retrieval from short-term memory. Journal of Mathematical Psychology. 1969;6(2):192-208.
Journal of Sport Management and Motor Behavior
Volume 19, Issue 37
April 2023
Pages 63-43

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics