Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1
PhD of Motor Behavior, Department of Physical Education, Neyshabur Branch , Islamic Azad
2
Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
3
Professor in Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
4
Assistant Professor, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Math Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
10.22080/jsmb.2024.22647.3703
Abstract
According to a theoretical framework, although practicing is one of the most important factors affecting learning other factors such as the practice’s position, learner’s skill and the difficulty of assignment can affect learning and mastery. Desirable learning occurs when individuals face the challenge level optimally during the workout. therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate command and reciprocal training techniques on learning the free-throwing of basketball based on the optimum challenge point model. The present study was a semi-experimental study that was carried out in a pre-test and post-test ways with a control group. Therefore, participants included 43 teenage girls with a mean age of 14 years who were selected by available sampling from female students in Mashhad city. Hence, individuals were randomly divided into 3 groups command instruction, reciprocal education and control. The participants practiced free-throwing exercise in four sessions consisting of four blocks of 15 attempts per session according to the “Gentile’s” model. The amount of learning and progress was measured in four stages: pre-test, instant memorization and latency memories. For analysis of data, repeated measures were used to analyze variance (p≤0.05). Both command and reciprocal training methods had a significant effect on learning participant’s skills (p≤0.01). However, the results of this study showed that there is no optimal challenge point in the acquisition and learning process of “constant shootout in basketball by both of these methods (p≥0.117) and regardless of the amount and type of feedback given to individuals in each training session, both methods can have a positive effect on the process of training. In conclusion, training motor skills by the right amount of practice, regardless of the training method, can affect the learning of basketball shooting skills.
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