The effectiveness of different types of goal setting on learning sports skills; Focusing on the SMART principle

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Motor Behavior, Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran

2 . Motor Behavior Department, Faculty of Physical Education,Tabriz University,Tabriz. Iran

3 Motor Behavior Department, Faculty of Physical Education,Tabriz University,Tabriz. Iran

10.22080/jsmb.2025.25955.3861

Abstract

Background: Mental exercises are an inseparable part of physical exercises and successful athletes are those who have benefited the most from mental skills and techniques. One of the most important mental techniques is goal setting. The aim of the present research is to determine the effect of the goal setting process by two methods of self-control and coach-control on learning the skill of side-foot pass; It was focused on the SMART principle.
Methodology: The current research is a semi-experimental study and its purpose is applied, which was conducted in the field. The participants were 30 boys who did not participate in organized football training. First, a pre-test was taken from the participants, and then they participated in a semi-experimental design in one of the three groups of self-control process goal setting, coach control process goal setting, and control.
Results: The results of the analysis of variance showed that the performance of the groups improved in the acquisition test, but there was no significant difference between them. Also, one-way analysis of variance showed that there is a difference between the groups in both retention and transfer stages, and Tukey's post hoc test showed that the intervention groups of self-control goal setting and coach control did not differ from each other, but they performed better than the control group and the difference was significant.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present research, self-control and coach-control process goal setting is effective on learning the skill of side-foot pass in football, focusing on the SMART principle.

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Journal of Sport Management and Motor Behavior
Volume 22, Issue 44
November 2026

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