ارتباط کمال گرایی مثبت و منفی با تحلیل رفتگی در ورزشکاران هنرهای رزمی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه تربیت بدنی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی

2 کارشناس ارشد روانشناسی عمومی

چکیده

مقدمه و هدف: تحلیل رفتگی بعنوان عاملی دخیل در اُفت عملکرد و سلامت روانشناختی ورزشکاران محسوب می شود که در شکل گیری آن ممکن است ویژگی های روان شناختی متعددی نقش داشته باشند. برای شناخت سازوکارهای شکل گیری تحلیل رفتگی، پژوهش حاضر ارتباط کمال گرایی مثبت و منفی با تحلیل رفتگی ورزشکاران هنرهای رزمی را بررسی کرده است.
روش شناسی: در این مطالعه مقطعی-همبستگی، 107 رزمی کار (58 مرد و 49 زن، میانگین سن 24 سال)، مقیاس کمال گرایی مثبت و منفی و پرسشنامه تحلیل رفتگی ورزشکار را تکمیل کردند و داده های حاصله با بکارگیری ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و مدل رگرسیون چندمتغیره در سطح اطمینان 95 درصد تحلیل شدند.
یافته ها: سطوح کمال گرایی مثبت و منفی شرکت کنندگان به ترتیب در حد بالا و متوسط و سطوح تحلیل رفتگی در حد متوسط به پایین قرار داشت. ابعاد و سطح کلی تحلیل رفتگی با کمال گرایی مثبت به صورت منفی و با کمال گرایی منفی به صورت مثبت در ارتباط معنادار بودند. کمال گرایی مثبت و منفی به ترتیب 27/6، 16/4، 11/4 و 23/5 درصد از تغییرات کاهش احساس پیشرفت، واماندگی جسمی/هیجانی، ناارزنده سازی و سطح کلی تحلیل رفتگی را بطور معنادار تبیین کردند.
نتیجه گیری: کمال گرایی مثبت و منفی با قابلیت همسان و بطور متمایز، اثرات کاهنده و افزاینده ای بر تحلیل رفتگی ورزشکاران هنرهای رزمی دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

مراجع

  1. فهرست منابع

    1. Wiersma LD. Conceptualization and development of the sources of enjoyment in youth sport questionnaire. Meas Phys Educ Exerc Sci. 2001; 5(3):153–77.
    2. Gustafsson H, Kenttä G, Hassmen P, Lundqvist Prevalence of burnout in competitive adolescent athletes. Sport Psychol. 2007; 21:21-37.
    3. Gould D, Dieffenbach K. Overtraining, underrecovery, and burnout in sport. In: Kellmann M, editor. Enhancing recovery: Preventing underperformance in athletes. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2002. pp. 25-35.
    4. Smith RE. Toward a cognitive-affective model of athletic burnout. J Sport Psych. 1986; 8:36-50.
    5. Weinberg RS, Gould D. Foundations of sport and exercise psychology. 3rd Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2003.
    6. Maslach C, Leiter MP. The truth about burnout: How organizations cause personal stress and what to do about it. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; 1997.
    7. Schaufeli WB, Enzmann D. The burnout companion to study and practice: A critical analysis. London: Taylor & Francis; 1998.
    8. Maslach C, Goldberg J. Prevention of burnout: New perspectives. Appl Prev Psychol. 1998; 7:63-74.
    9. Dale J, Weinberg R. Burnout in sport: A review and critique. J Appl Sport Psychol. 1990; 2:67-83.
    10. Schaufeli WB, Buunk BP. Burnout: An overview of 25 years of research and theorizing. In: Schabracq MJ. Winnubst JAM. Cooper CL, editors. Handbook of work and health psychology. 2nd Chichester: John Wiley & Sons; 2003. p. 383–428.
    11. Melamed S, Shirom A, Toker S, Berliner S, Shapira I. Burnout and risk of cardiovascular disease: Evidence, possible causal paths, and promising research directions. Psychol Bull. 2006; 132(3):327-53.
    12. Lemyre P-N, Roberts GC, Stray-Gundersen J. Motivation, overtraining, and burnout: Can self-determination predict overtraining and burnout in elite athletes? Eur J Sport Sci. 2007; 7:115-126.
    13. Maslach C. Burnout: The cost of caring. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall; 1982.
    14. Pines AM. Burnout: An existential perspective. In: Schaufeli W, Maslach C, Marek T, editors. Professional burnout: Developments in theory and research. Washington, DC: Taylor & Francis; p. 33-52.
    15. Hardy L, Jones G, Gould D. Understanding Psychological Preparation for Sport: Theory and Practice of Elite Performers. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1996.
    16. Freudenberger HJ, Richelson G. Burn-out: The high cost of high achievement. New York: Anchor Press; 1980.
    17. Feigely DA. Psychological burnout in high-level athletes. Physician Sports Med. 1984; 12:109-19.
    18. Fender L. Athlete burnout: Potential for research and intervention strategies. Sport Psychol. 1989; 3:63-71.
    19. Gould D, Udry E, Tuffey S, Loehr J. Burnout in competitive junior tennis players: I. A quantitative psychological assessment. Sport Psychol. 1996; 10:322-40.
    20. Raedeke TD, Smith AL. Development and preliminary validation of an athlete burnout measure. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2001; 23:281–306.
    21. Hall Perfectionism: A hallmark quality of world class performers, or a psychological impediment to athletic development? In: Hackfort D, Tenenbaum G, editors. Perspectives in sport and exercise psychology; essential processes for attaining peak performance. Vol. 1. Oxford UK: Meyer & Meyer Publishers; 2006. p. 178–211.
    22. Frost RO, Marten P, Lahart C, Rosenbalte R. The dimensions of perfectionism. Cogn Ther Res. 1990; 14:449-68.

     

    1. Hamachek DE. Psychodynamics of normal and neurotic perfectionism. Psychol J Hum Behav. 1978; 15:27-33.
    2. Coen SP, Ogles BM. Psychological characteristics of the obligatory runner: a critical examination of the anorexia analogue hypothesis. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 1993; 15:338-54.
    3. Burns DD. The perfectionist's script for self-defeat. Psychol Today. 1980; 14:34-52.
    4. Blatt SJ. The destructiveness of perfectionism: implications for the treatment of depression. Am Psychol. 1995; 50:1003-20.
    5. Terry-Short LA, Owens RG, Slade PD, Dewey ME. Positive and negative perfectionism. Personal Individ Differ. 1995; 18:663–8.
    6. Slade PD, Owens R. A dual process model of perfectionism based on reinforcement theory. Behav Modif. 1998; 22:372-90.
    7. Hewitt PL, Flett GL. Perfectionism in the self and social contexts: Conceptualization, assessment, and association with psychopathology. J Personal Soc Psychol. 1991; 60:456-70.
    8. Stoeber J, Madigan DJ. Measuring perfectionism in sport, dance, and exercise: Review, critique, recommendations. In: Hill AP, editor. The psychology of perfectionism in sport, dance and exercise. London: Routledge; 2016. pp. 31-56.
    9. Dunn JGH, Gotwals JK, Causgrove Dunn J. An examination of the domain specificity of perfectionism among intercollegiate student-athletes. Personal Individ Differ. 2005; 38:1439-48.
    10. McArdle S. Exploring domain-specific perfectionism. J Personal. 2010; 78:493-508.
    11. Dunn JGH, Causgrove Dunn J, Syrotuik DG. Relationship between multidimensional perfectionism and goal orientations in sport. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2002; 24:376-95.
    12. Dunn JGH, Causgrove Dunn J, Gotwals JK, Vallance JKH, Craft JM, Syrotuik DG. Establishing construct validity evidence for the Sport Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2006; 7:57-79.
    13. Gotwals JK, Dunn JGH. A multi-method multi-analytic approach to establish internal construct validity evidence: The Sport Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale 2. Meas Phys Educ Exerc Sci. 2009; 13:71-92.
    14. Vitullo EA. Development of the multidimensional perfectionism scale for athletes. Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 2003.
    15. Anshel MH, Eom HJ. Exploring the dimensions of perfectionism in sport. Int J Sport Psychol. 2003; 34:255-71.
    16. Araki K. Development and Validation of the Sport Perfectionism Scale. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, United States; 2004.
    17. Haase AM, Prapavessis H. Assessing the factor structure and composition of the positive and negative perfectionism scale in sport. Personal Individ Differ. 2004; 36:1725–40.
    18. Stöber J, Otto K, Stoll O. Mehrdimensionales Inventar zu Perfektionismus im Sport (MIPS) [Multidimensional Inventory of Perfectionism in Sport (MIPS)]. In: Stöber J, Otto K, Pescheck E, Stoll O, editors. Skalendokumentation “Perfektionismus im Sport” (Hallesche Berichte zur Pädagogischen Psychologie Nr.7). Halle/Salle, Germany: Department of Educational Psychology, Martin Luther University of Halle, 2004. p. 4-13.
    19. Stoeber J, Otto K, Stoll O. MIPS: Multidimensional Inventory of Perfectionism in Sport (English version, November 2006). School of Psychology, University of Kent; 2006. Available from https://kar.kent.ac.uk/41560/.
    20. Stoeber J, Otto K, Pescheck E, Becker C, Stoll O. Perfectionism and competitive anxiety in athletes: Differentiating striving for perfection and negative reactions to imperfection. Personal Individ Differ. 2007; 42:959-69.
    21. Enns MW, Cox BJ. The nature and assessment of perfectionism: A critical analysis. In : Flett GL, Hewitt PL, editors. Perfectionism. Washington, DC: APA; 2002. p. 33-62.
    22. Chen LH, Kee YH, Chen M-Y, Tsai Y-M. Relation of perfectionism with athletes’ burnout: Further examinations. Percep Mot Skills. 2008; 106:811–20.
    23. Ommundsen Y, Roberts GC, Lemyre P-N, Miller BW. Peer relationships in adolescent competitive soccer: Associations to perceived motivational climate, achievement goals and perfectionism. J Sports Sci. 2005; 23(9):977-89.
    24. Kim JM. The conceptualization and assessment of the perceived consequences of perfectionism. Department of Psychology, University of Michigan; 2010. Available from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/77633.
    25. Stoeber J. Perfectionism in sport and dance: A double-edged sword. Int J Sport Psychol. 2014; 45:385-94.
    26. Scanlan TK, Stein GL, Ravizza K. An in-depth study of former elite figure skaters: Sources of stress. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 1991; 13:103-20.
    27. Frost RO, Henderson J. Perfectionism and reactions to athletic competition. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 1991; 13:323-35.
    28. Hill AP. The psychology of perfectionism in sport, dance and exercise. New York, NY: Routledge; 2016.
    29. Lemyre P-N, Hall HK, Roberts GC. A social cognitive approach to burnout in elite athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2008; 18:221–34.
    30. Hill AP, Hall HK, Appleton PR, Kozub SA. Perfectionism and burnout in junior elite soccer players: The mediating influence of unconditional self-acceptance. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2008; 9:630-44.
    31. Appleton PR, Hall HK, Hill AP. Relations between multidimensional perfectionism and burnout in junior-elite male athletes. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2009; 10:457–65.
    32. Hill AP, Hall HK, Appleton PR. A comparative examination of the correlates of self-oriented perfectionism and conscientious achievement striving in male cricket academy players. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2010; 11:162-68.
    33. Hill AP, Hall HK, Appleton PR, Murray JJ. Perfectionism and burnout in canoe polo and kayak slalom athletes: The mediating influence of validation and growth-seeking. Sport Psychol. 2010; 24:16-34.
    34. Hill AP, Appleton PR. The predictive ability of the frequency of perfectionistic cognitions, self-oriented perfectionism, and socially prescribed perfectionism in relation to symptoms of burnout in youth rugby players. J Sports Sci. 2011; 29:695-703.
    35. Flett GL, Hewitt PL, Boucher D, Davidson L, Munro Y. The Child-Adolescent Perfectionism Scale: Development, validation, and association with adjustment. Unpublished Manuscript; 2001.
    36. Appleton PR, Hill AP. Perfectionism and athlete burnout in junior elite athletes: The mediating role of motivation regulations. J Clin Sport Psychol. 2012; 6:129-45.
    37. Aghdasi MT. The relationship between perfectionism and burnout in junior-elite athletes. Int J Sci Cult Sport. 2014; 2(1). Doi: 10.14486/IJSCS46.
    38. Mirshekari K, Zarezadeh M, Nematolahi-Mahani K. The prediction of burnout based on self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism in elite male athletes. Sport Psychol Stud. 2014; 9:67-80. (In Persian).
    39. Jowett GE, Hill AP, Hall HK, Curran T. Perfectionism and junior athlete burnout: The mediating role of autonomous and controlled motivation. Sport Exerc Perform Psychol. 2013; 2:48-61.
    40. Chen LH, Kee YH, Tsai Y-M. An examination of the dual model of perfectionism and adolescent athlete burnout: A short-term longitudinal research. Soc Indic Res. 2009; 91:189–201.
    41. Gotwals JK. Perfectionism and Burnout within Intercollegiate Sport: A Person-Oriented Approach. Sport Psychol. 2011; 25:489-510.
    42. Cresswell SL, Eklund RC. Changes in athlete burnout over a thirty-week “rugby year”. J Sci Med Sport. 2006; 9:125–34.
    43. Madigan DJ, Stoeber J, Passfield L. Perfectionism and burnout in junior athletes: A three-month longitudinal study. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2015; 37:305-15.
    44. Azizi S, Nikbakhsh R. The relationship between perfectionism and burnout among pgysically-motionally disabled elite athletes. J Dev Psychol Iranian Psychol. 2012; 34:157-67. (In Persian).
    45. Anshel MH, Payne JM. Application of sport psychology for optimal performance in martial arts. In: Dosil J, editor. The sport psychologist’s handbook: A guide for sport-specific performance enhancement. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons; 2006. p. 353-74.
    46. Sedighi Z, Keshavarz S, Hajizadeh R, Didari J. The effects of gender and competitive level on athletes' burnout in individual sports. Sport Psychol Stud. 2012; 2:39-52. (In Persian).
    47. Besharat MA. The relationship between perfectionism and athletic success. J Harakat. 2005; 23:51-65.
    48. Cresswell SL. Possible early signs of athlete burnout: A prospective study. J Sci Med Sport. 2009; 12:393–8.
    49. Goodger K, Gorely T, Lavallee D, Harwood C. Burnout in sport: A systematic review. Sport Psychol. 2007; 21:127–51.
    50. Ryan RM, Deci EL. Self determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well being. Am Psychol. 2000; 55:68-78.

     

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار